patriarchal ideology in bamdede khomar (drowsy dawn) based on luis althusser’s views

althusser (1918-1990) argues that there are two ways to maintain power. in order to hold power, the ruling class in a pre-capitalist society depends on repressive apparatuses such as police and military force whereas in a modern capitalist society it chooses to use ideological apparatuses like religion, education or arts. bamdede khomar is the story of eighty years of development in iranian society from a traditional community to a modern one. therefore, it provides a proper case to trace the change of power from the pre-modern repressive methods to the modern ideological ones. the novel has focused on the institution of family as the most fundamental base in which power is represented. the well-known form of power in the traditional family is patriarchy. the present study investigates how this form of power (patriarchy) is maintained throughout the long history of iranian development from a traditional society to a modern one.